"Need" For Perfect Tourist Beaches Means Mechanized Grooming, Which Crushes Turtle Eggs, Makes Nesting Impossible
In the summer months in Puglia, southern Italy, the battle for the beaches begins before dawn. Armed with tractors, beach owners flatten every imperfection from the sand, dragging it to sift out anything large enough to be considered waste. As the sun rises, tourists flood the coastline, often unaware of what lies hidden beneath their feet.
Two feet below the surface, delicate eggs laid by loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) are waiting to hatch. For the turtles, the beach is not a beauty spot but a habitat. As sand groomers have been transforming beaches from vital habitats into backdrops for photoshoots, their work has had an enormous impact on the turtle population. “Occupation of the beach by private owners reduces a vital living space for the turtle,” says Salvatore Urso, a naturalist and co-founder of Caretta Calabria Conservation, who has been monitoring and protecting loggerhead turtle nests since 2005. “There is still not much sensitivity to coexisting with this species.”
Tractors not only crush or displace eggs – their mere presence can scare away female turtles, preventing them from nesting. As tourism surges in the region, the nests are protected by a handful of committed experts and volunteers. Piero Carlino is director of the Sea Turtle Recovery Centre in Calimera, where staff dedicate their summers to rescuing turtle eggs. They monitor the beaches on foot and with drones to spot nests, and when a nest is identified, volunteers place a fence around it to protect it during incubation. Later, they provide support during hatching, helping to guide the turtles towards the sea. “People look at our dedication and think we’re crazy,” says Carlino.
The sand groomers versus the turtles is one of a series of conflicts between wildlife and tourists seeking picture-perfect locations that scientists and activists say are playing out around the Mediterranean as the holiday season looms.
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In some regions, the ecological concerns are mixed with broader anger about the social consequences of overtourism, and grassroots movements are springing up in opposition. On Naxos and its Cyclades neighbour Paros, Andrianopulu and Nicolas Stephanou formed part of the international “beach towel revolt” movement in 2023, protesting against the privatisation of beaches. Paros and Naxos are some of the driest islands in Greece and their unique culture comes from a “minimalist” way of life engendered by scarcity, Stephanou says. The over-construction of modern hotel complexes, “totally contrasts with the Cycladic identity”. The growth of construction can require wetlands to be drained and soil tarmacked over. This limits the freshwater available to the 185 million migratory birds for whom the Cyclades are a vital stopover. According to the WWF, in the Mediterranean basin the populations of wetland-dependent species have declined by 81% in the past 50 years.
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https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/may/02/sand-groomers-vs-turtles-mediterranean-instagram-overtourism-aoe