Welcome to DU!
The truly grassroots left-of-center political community where regular people, not algorithms, drive the discussions and set the standards.
Join the community:
Create a free account
Support DU (and get rid of ads!):
Become a Star Member
Latest Breaking News
Editorials & Other Articles
General Discussion
The DU Lounge
All Forums
Issue Forums
Culture Forums
Alliance Forums
Region Forums
Support Forums
Help & Search
Latest Breaking News
In reply to the discussion: CNN Reports Trump Coordinating With Kurdish Leaders to Support a Ground Operation Into Western Iran [View all]ChicagoTeamster
(766 posts)16. Trump previously abandoned our Kurdish allies in Syria. And, Turkey attacked the Iraqi Kurds.
Why should they trust him now? This is going to become a regional Civil War.
The US planners and Israel are ignoring the fact that the French and British carved up the Middle East after WWI and created what are now the modern nations with no consideration whatsoever for the ethnic or religious makeup within the artificial boundaries.
Iraq and Kuwait (Created 19201932)
Following World War I and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the British occupied the regions of Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul.
Creation: The League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Mesopotamia, and in 1921, the British established the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, installing Faisal I as king.
Independence: While the Kingdom was established in 1921, Iraq was granted formal independence on October 3, 1932, though Britain retained military bases and influence.
1899 Agreement: Signed on January 23, 1899, this treaty made Kuwait a "protected state," prohibiting it from ceding territory or receiving foreign representatives without British consent.
Border Definition: The British drew the borders of modern Kuwait in the 1920s, which also established the basis for the border with Iraq.
Creation: The League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Mesopotamia, and in 1921, the British established the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, installing Faisal I as king.
Independence: While the Kingdom was established in 1921, Iraq was granted formal independence on October 3, 1932, though Britain retained military bases and influence.
1899 Agreement: Signed on January 23, 1899, this treaty made Kuwait a "protected state," prohibiting it from ceding territory or receiving foreign representatives without British consent.
Border Definition: The British drew the borders of modern Kuwait in the 1920s, which also established the basis for the border with Iraq.
Pakistan (Created 1947)
As part of the partition of British India, which was designed to end British rule in the subcontinent.
Creation: Pakistan was established as an independent nation on August 14, 1947, uniting the Muslim-majority provinces of British India (Balochistan, East Bengal, North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab, and Sindh).
Creation: Pakistan was established as an independent nation on August 14, 1947, uniting the Muslim-majority provinces of British India (Balochistan, East Bengal, North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab, and Sindh).
Afghanistan (Influence 1880s1919)
Britain viewed Afghanistan as a critical buffer state to protect British India from Russian expansion "The Great Game".
Establishment: After the Second Anglo-Afghan War, the Treaty of Gandamak (1879) made Afghanistan a client state, with Britain controlling its foreign affairs.
Border Definition: The Durand Line was established in 1893 by British diplomat Mortimer Durand to fix the boundary between Afghanistan and British India, splitting tribal regions.
Independence: Afghanistan gained full control of its foreign policy (independent status) in 1919 following the Treaty of Rawalpindi.
Establishment: After the Second Anglo-Afghan War, the Treaty of Gandamak (1879) made Afghanistan a client state, with Britain controlling its foreign affairs.
Border Definition: The Durand Line was established in 1893 by British diplomat Mortimer Durand to fix the boundary between Afghanistan and British India, splitting tribal regions.
Independence: Afghanistan gained full control of its foreign policy (independent status) in 1919 following the Treaty of Rawalpindi.
Iran (Influence 1800s1920s)
Iran (Persia) was never formally colonized by Britain, but it was "picked apart" and subjected to immense British and Russian influence throughout the 1800s.
Division: In 1907, Russia and Great Britain formally divided Persia into three zones: the north (Russian), the south (British), and a neutral middle zone.
Border Creation: Britain played a major role in defining Iran's borders with its Indian possessions (modern Pakistan), signing treaties in 1871 and 1905 to define the Baluchistan frontier.
Modern State: The Pahlavi dynasty, which modernized the country, was established in 1925.
Division: In 1907, Russia and Great Britain formally divided Persia into three zones: the north (Russian), the south (British), and a neutral middle zone.
Border Creation: Britain played a major role in defining Iran's borders with its Indian possessions (modern Pakistan), signing treaties in 1871 and 1905 to define the Baluchistan frontier.
Modern State: The Pahlavi dynasty, which modernized the country, was established in 1925.
The French and British also created the mess that is Israel/Palestine, Lebanon, and Syria
Creation of Lebanon and Palestine (19201923)
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916): The secret deal that initially carved up the Ottoman Arab territories into British and French spheres of influence.
San Remo Conference (April 1920): The supreme inter-Allied council formally granted the Mandate for Syria/Lebanon to France and the Mandate of Palestine to Britain.
Greater Lebanon (Sept 1920): France declared the state of Greater Lebanon, separating it from Syria and including Beirut, Tripoli, and other districts.
Palestine Mandate (1920-1923): Britain established control, later separating Transjordan from the Palestine mandate area.
The Balfour Declaration (1917): British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour promised "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" while claiming not to prejudice the rights of existing non-Jewish communities.
Conflicting Promises: During WWI, Britain made conflicting promises, including pledging independence to Arabs for revolting against the Ottomans.
Mandate Period (1920-1948): The League of Nations tasked Britain with administering the area, which saw significant Jewish immigration, particularly in the 1930s.
End of Mandate: Following violent conflicts between Arabs, Jews, and British forces, Britain turned the issue over to the UN in 1947, leading to the 1948 establishment of Israel.
San Remo Conference (April 1920): The supreme inter-Allied council formally granted the Mandate for Syria/Lebanon to France and the Mandate of Palestine to Britain.
Greater Lebanon (Sept 1920): France declared the state of Greater Lebanon, separating it from Syria and including Beirut, Tripoli, and other districts.
Palestine Mandate (1920-1923): Britain established control, later separating Transjordan from the Palestine mandate area.
The Balfour Declaration (1917): British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour promised "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" while claiming not to prejudice the rights of existing non-Jewish communities.
Conflicting Promises: During WWI, Britain made conflicting promises, including pledging independence to Arabs for revolting against the Ottomans.
Mandate Period (1920-1948): The League of Nations tasked Britain with administering the area, which saw significant Jewish immigration, particularly in the 1930s.
End of Mandate: Following violent conflicts between Arabs, Jews, and British forces, Britain turned the issue over to the UN in 1947, leading to the 1948 establishment of Israel.
Syrian Reaction
Violent Demonstrations: Upon news of the mandate, Syrians held violent protests and formed a new government in May 1920, led by Hashim al-Atassi.
Franco-Syrian War (1920): Syrian nationalists under King Faisal resisted. In July 1920, after a French ultimatum, Syrian forces were defeated by French troops at the Battle of Maysalun, ending the short-lived Arab Kingdom of Syria.
Long-term Resistance: The division led to ongoing nationalist uprisings against French rule throughout the 1920s and 1930s, including the 1925-1926 Great Syrian Revolt, during which the French bombarded Damascus.
Franco-Syrian War (1920): Syrian nationalists under King Faisal resisted. In July 1920, after a French ultimatum, Syrian forces were defeated by French troops at the Battle of Maysalun, ending the short-lived Arab Kingdom of Syria.
Long-term Resistance: The division led to ongoing nationalist uprisings against French rule throughout the 1920s and 1930s, including the 1925-1926 Great Syrian Revolt, during which the French bombarded Damascus.
The French administration further divided Syria into smaller, separate, and sometimes sectarian, states (such as the Alawite State and Druze State) in 1920-1921, further frustrating unified national sentiment.
Edit history
Please sign in to view edit histories.
Recommendations
2 members have recommended this reply (displayed in chronological order):
28 replies
= new reply since forum marked as read
Highlight:
NoneDon't highlight anything
5 newestHighlight 5 most recent replies
RecommendedHighlight replies with 5 or more recommendations
CNN Reports Trump Coordinating With Kurdish Leaders to Support a Ground Operation Into Western Iran [View all]
BumRushDaShow
22 hrs ago
OP
A lot of countries do. "The Kurds have no friends but the mountains." nt
eppur_se_muova
19 hrs ago
#15
They insist on keeping their independence, and following their own customs and laws.
eppur_se_muova
18 hrs ago
#20
shithole gave the ok for Erodgan to commit genocide against the Kurds in Syria................
Lovie777
22 hrs ago
#7
Hope they have sense enough to respond "Dude, you fucked us over thoroughly last time .... so, NO." nt
eppur_se_muova
22 hrs ago
#8
Netanyatu's puppet wants to start an ethnic civil war to weaken and fracture Iran
dalton99a
22 hrs ago
#9
They won't do it unless we promise them their own state. The Turks wouldn't like that.
everyonematters
21 hrs ago
#10
dears kurds, in case u havent notice trump will stab u in the back and abandon you
msongs
20 hrs ago
#12
Trump previously abandoned our Kurdish allies in Syria. And, Turkey attacked the Iraqi Kurds.
ChicagoTeamster
19 hrs ago
#16
Like you, I'm hoping the Kurds can exploit this for whatever they can get out of it without risking any real ...
eppur_se_muova
7 hrs ago
#26